RIVERINE INORGANIC CARBON DYNAMICS： OVERVIEW AND PERSPECTIVE   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

YAO Guan-rong GAO Quan-zhou 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(2):183-191

1INTRODUCTION River systems are the major linkage between the land and the ocean, not only transporting carbon from terres- trial environment to the ocean, but also exchanging CO2 with the atmosphere, actively involved in the global car- bon biogeochemical cycle (RICHEY et al., 2002; COLE and CARACO, 2001). The inorganic carbon, mainly o- riginating from soil CO2, carbonate minerals and atmo- sphericCO2,constitutedthegreatpart(about 60%) ofthe riverine carbon exported to the ocean…  相似文献   

Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic Arsenic and Its Seasonal Variations in the Coastal Area of the East China Sea     

CHENG Yan REN Jingling LI Dandan LIU Sumei ZHANG Jing 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(3):243-250

Water samples were collected in the coastal area of the Changjiang Estuary on four cruises from August 2002 to May 2003. The seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic arsenic （DIAs） distributions were analyzed. The results showed that the distributions of DIAs were mainly influenced by Water （KSSW）. The concentration of the total dissolved the terrestrial input and the intrusion of the Kuroshio Subsurface inorganic arsenic （TDIAs） decreased consecutively from winter to summer, while it increased in autumn. The distributions of TDIAs showed some relationships with salinity and suspended particulate matter （SPM）. The relationships between DIAs speciation （including arsenite [ As（ Ⅲ ） ] and arsenate [ As（ Ⅴ ） ]）, biological activity and the availabilities of the phosphate were investigated in the study area for the cruise August 2002. The ratio of As （Ⅲ）/TDIAs increased with the decrease of phosphate concentrations. In the bottom water, the As（ Ⅲ ）/TDIAs ratio decreased with the increasing of N/P. The concentration of TDIAs decreased 28.7% approximately after the occurrence of harmful algal blooms （HAB） because of the uptake of arsenate by algae. Further study is needed about the arsenic source/sink relationships in their vertical or horizontal profiles and the uptake mechanism during the occurrence of harmful algal blooms.  相似文献   

Kaolinite – alkali interaction and effects on basic properties     

Puvvadi?Venkata?SivapullaiahEmail author  Manju 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2005,23(5):601-614

The influence of type and amount of clays present in soils on their properties is well understood. The clays exert their influence through large specific surface area and charges on them. Their effect is mostly exhibited through inter particle bonding and subsequent particle associations. The mineralogical influence of soils in water is well documented. However, the change in soil water system because of presence some of the contaminants can greatly influence the soil behaviour. Some of the changes are due to formation of new compounds due to interactions between the soil and pollutant. The paper reports the effect of interaction of kaolinite mineral with alkali on the index properties of soils from which the geotechnical behaviour can be understood. Detailed X-ray diffraction studies have shown that sodium aluminum silicate hydroxide hydrate (NASH) is formed by clay alkali reactions. The type and amount of formation of the compound is influenced by the concentration of alkali solution. While the compound formed is in smaller quantities with 1 N NaOH solution, significantly high quantity is formed with 4 N NaOH solution. Presence of alumina is shown to play a significant role. It was observed that the formation of sodium aluminum silicate hydroxide hydrate is reduced in the presence of alumina. Specific gravity of contaminated clay soil was reduced which confirms the formation of new compounds. Water adsorption and specific surface area of soil are also influenced due to soil alkali interaction. The changes in the free swell and index properties of soil in the presence of alkali have been explained by the changes in soil fabric and the formation of new compound.  相似文献   

Rietveld analysis of a new high-pressure strontium silicate SrSi2O5     

H. Kojitani  M. Kido  M. Akaogi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(4):290-294

High-pressure synthesis of a new SrSi₂O₅ phase was performed at 16 GPa and 900°C by using a Kawai-type multianvil apparatus. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the compound was analyzed by Rietveld refinement based on the structure of a high-pressure polymorph of BaGe₂O₅, BaGe₂O₅ III. The structure is orthorhombic with space group Cmca and cell parameters of a = 5.2389(1) Å, b = 9.2803(2) Å, c = 13.4406(1) Å, V=653.46(2) Å ³ (Z=8, _calc=4.549 g/cm³). The structure consists of layers containing SiO₆ octahedra and SiO₄ tetrahedra. In a unit layer, oxygen and strontium atoms are arranged in an approximation to hexagonal close-packing. The strontium atom is accommodated in a 12-coordinated site. Each SiO₆ octahedron shares four corners with SiO₄ tetrahedra and the other two corners with another SiO₆ octahedra. The SiO₆ octahedra are linked to each other to form SiO₆ chains along the a-axis. This is the first known example of a silicate with a BaGe₂O₅ III-type structure.  相似文献   

Petrography and decay of a marly limestone in the cloister of a medieval cathedral in Sicily     

L. Ercoli  G. Rizzo  G. Algozzini 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(3-4):414-420

This paper deals with a significant process of decohesion of a marly limestone, taking place in the cloister of the medieval Cathedral of Cefalù, a pleasant town on the northern coast of Sicily. After desalination with deionised water and consolidation with ethyl silicate, the decay of the stone became faster. The aim of our study is to characterise the stony material and investigate the observed decay phenomena. The stone, that is a poor building material indeed, is characterised by means of petrographical, chemical and physical analyses on samples taken from the monument. Furthermore, experimental tests are performed in the laboratory in order to highlight the causes of incompatibility between the stone and the applied treatments.  相似文献   

WA-PLS diatom-based pH, TP and DOC inference models from 42 lakes in the Abitibi clay belt area (Québec, Canada)     

Mihaela Enache  Yves T. Prairie 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2002,27(2):151-171

The relationship between surficial sediment diatom species and measured environmental variables was explored in lakes from the Abitibi region of western Quebec. Diatom assemblages in 42 lakes were identified and their relationship with measured environmental variables was examined using multivariate statistical methods. Canonical correspondence analysis with forward selection and Monte Carlo permutation tests revealed that the three environmental variables pH, TP and DOC each accounted for statistically significant fractions of the variation in diatom taxa. A training set with 164 modern diatom taxa was used to derive transfer functions for lake-water pH, TP and DOC using weighted-averaging-partial-least-squares (WA-PLS) techniques. The models were developed to infer lake water pH, TP and DOC within the ranges 4–8 for pH, 2.75–30.0 g l^–1 for TP, and 2.9–18.5 mg l^–1 for DOC. These quantitative inference models may now be used to help identify and estimate the effects of natural disturbances on the biogeochemistry of Abitibi lakes during their historical development.  相似文献   

Structural characterization of high-pressure C–Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>Si<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> by single-crystal diffraction and <Superscript>29</Superscript>Si MAS NMR     

S. Rakić  V. Kahlenberg  C. Weidenthaler  B. Zibrowius 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(7):477-484

Single crystals of C–Na₂Si₂O₅ have been synthesized from the hydrothermal recrystallization of a glass. The title compound is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with Z= 8 and unit-cell parameters a= 4.8521 (4)Å, b=23.9793(16)Å, c=8.1410(6)Å, β=90.15(1)° and V=947.2(2)ų. The structure has been determined by direct methods and belongs to the group of phyllosilicates. It is based on layers of tetrahedra with elliptically six-membered rings in chair conformation. The sequence of directedness within a single ring is UDUDUD. The sheets are parallel to (010) with linking sodium cations in five- and sixfold coordination. Concerning the shape and the conformation of the rings, C–Na₂Si₂O₅ is closely related to β-Na₂Si₂O₅. However, both structures differ in the stacking sequences of the layers. A possible explanation for the frequently observed polysynthetic twinning of phase C is presented. In the ²⁹Si MAS-NMR spectrum of C–Na₂Si₂O₅ four well-resolved lines of equal intensity are observed at ?86.0, ?86.3, ?87.4, and ?88.2?ppm. The narrow range of isotropic chemical shifts reflects the great similarity of the environments of the different Si sites. This lack of pronounced differences in geometry renders a reliable assignment of the resonance lines to the individual sites on the basis of known empiric correlations and geometrical features impossible.  相似文献   

Seasonal TOC export from seven boreal catchments in northern Sweden   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

Hjalmar?LaudonEmail author  Stephan?K?hler  Ishi?Buffam 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2004,66(2):223-230

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吐哈盆地水溶气组分与同位素特征形成机理及意义探讨   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

张晓宝  徐永昌  刘文汇  沈平  吉利明  马立元 《沉积学报》2002,20(4):705-709

测量了吐哈盆地 6个水溶气样品的组分和碳同位素值,并通过与盆地天然气的对比,探讨了水溶气组分及碳同位素特征形成机理及其应用的可能性。水溶气基本受制约于烃类气体溶解度的特征,与盆地天然气应属同源,但二者也存在明显的差异,如C1/C1～ 5值水溶气应大于天然气,实际反而较小,甲烷同系物碳同位素均较天然气富集-6 C。作者认为这些特征的形成与水溶气的溶解量小于扩散运移量相关,并认为水溶气与天然气组分和同位素差异的大小可用于探讨采样层位与天然气动态成藏体系关联的紧密程度。  相似文献   

Effects of volcanic eruptions on the CO₂ content of the atmosphere and the oceans: the 1996 eruption and flood within the Vatnajökull Glacier, Iceland     

S. R. Gí  slason    . Snorrason  H. K. Kristmannsd  ttir    . E. Sveinbj  rnsd  ttir  P. Torsander  J.   lafsson  S. Castet  B. Dupr 《Chemical Geology》2002,190(1-4):181-205

The October 1996 eruption within the Vatnajökull Glacier, Iceland, provides a unique opportunity to study the net effect of volcanic eruptions on atmospheric and oceanic CO₂. Volatile elements dissolved in the meltwater that enclosed the eruption site were eventually discharged into the ocean in a dramatic flood 35 days after the beginning of the eruption, enabling measurement of 50 dissolved element fluxes. The minimum concentration of exsolved CO₂ in the 1×10¹² kg of erupted magma was 516 mg/kg, S was 98 mg/kg, Cl was 14 mg/kg, and F was 2 mg/kg. The pH of the meltwater at the eruption site ranged from about 3 to 8. Volatile and dissolved element release to the meltwater in less than 35 days amounted to more than one million tonnes, equal to 0.1% of the mass of erupted magma. The total dissolved solid concentration in the floodwater was close to 500 mg/kg, pH ranged from 6.88 to 7.95, and suspended solid concentration ranged from 1% to 10%. According to H, O, C and S isotopes, most of the water was meteoric whereas the C and S were of magmatic origin. Both C and S went through isotopic fractionation due to precipitation at the eruption site, creating “short cuts” in their global cycles. The dissolved fluxes of C, Ca, Na, Si, S and Mg were greatest ranging from 1.4×10¹⁰ to 1.4×10⁹ mol. The dissolved C flux equaled 0.6 million tonnes of CO₂. The heavy metals Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn were relatively mobile during condensation and water–rock interactions at the eruption site. About half of the measured total carbon flood flux from the 1996 Vatnajökull eruption will be added to the long-term CO₂ budget of the oceans and the atmosphere. The other half will eventually precipitate with the Ca and Mg released. Thus, for eruptions on the ocean floor, one can expect a net long-term C release to the ocean of less than half that of the exsolved gas. This is a considerably higher net C release than suggested for the oceanic crust by Staudigel et al. [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53 (1989) 3091]. In fact, they suggested a net loss of C. Therefore, magma degassed at the ocean floor contributes more C to the oceans and the atmosphere than magma degassed deep in the oceanic crust. The results of this study show that subglacial eruptions affecting the surface layer of the ocean where either Mn, Fe, Si or Cu are rate-determining for the growth of oceanic biomass have a potential for a transient net CO₂ removal from the ocean and the atmosphere. For eruptions at high latitudes, timing is crucial for the effect of oceanic biota. Eruptions occurring in the wintertime when light is rate-determining for the growth of biota have much less potential for bringing about a transient net negative CO₂ flux from the ocean atmosphere reservoir.  相似文献